What is Commercial Farming?
India is officially known as Republic. India is a country in South Asia and is the seventh-largest country by area and second-largest by population. It is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, and the Indian Ocean from three of its sides. The Indian subcontinent has always been an important place for world trade. The large abundance of natural resources was an additional advantage. It became a prominent place for trade due to the above reasons and the vast coastline. There was a huge market in the European countries for Indian spices and various crops grown in the country. India has always been highly dependent on the agricultural sector. The fertile land in the country helps the production of various crops.
Agriculture or farming is the way of cultivating plants and livestock. It is the systematic way of crop production. Agriculture has always been the backbone of the Indian economy. The method of growing the crops has evolved over the ages according to the technique and machinery available during that time. The Methods of agriculture may differ from one place to another based on various factors like rainfall, fertility of the land, soil type, etc. Over years, various methods of cultivation are formed like Primitive Subsistence Farming, Intensive Subsistence Farming, and Commercial Farming.
Commercial Farming
It is defined as a method of farming that is completely driven by profits. It is cultivating crops and livestock in large quantities with the main motive being selling them in the market to earn profits. This is a capital-intensive technique. The investment required for commercial farming is very high. Crops are grown in large quantities with the help of modern technologies, machinery, and various other techniques. This involves using fertilizers and pesticides for better growth of the crop. The main differentiator of this farming technique is the high dosage of fertilizers, pesticides, and use of High yielding varieties (HYV) seeds. The amount of commercial farming varies from place to place.
Plantations are also a type of Commercial farming technique, single crops or two crops cover large areas of land. These were first introduced to India by the British government.
Rise of Commercial Forestry
For the past centuries, the people of India had been dependent on the forest for their requirement of woof for various uses. They used the wood from the forest without any restrictions. The British government was worried about the constant usage of the forest resources by the local people as they were concerned about the depletion of forest cover as they required wood from those trees to build their ships. To solve this issue they appointed Dietrich Brandis as the first Inspector general of India. Dietrich Brandis was a German expert in this field. He suggested that the local people be trained in the science of Conservation. He obtained legal help to do so. According to the new laws Felling of trees and grazing of cattle in the forest where prohibited or restricted as the forest was to be reserved for the production of timber for the government. Failing to follow the rules was a punishable offense.
The Indian Forest Services was formed by Dietrich Brandis in 1864. The Indian forest act was passed by the British government in the year 1865. This law extended the British Colonial rights in India over forests. The Imperial forest research Institution was set up in Dehradun in the year 1906 to help develop new technologies and techniques to aid the farming techniques of the sub-continent. This institute taught the people the scientific method of forestry.
The Natural forest included a wide range of plants and trees but this pattern of trees was not favorable for the British government. They suggested a single variety of a tree be grown at a large scale at a place. These were known as plantations. The forest officials surveyed the forest and collected data regarding the trees present in the forest and then devise a plan for proper management of the forest. The forest act was amended twice over the period of British rule in 1878 and 1927 for the smooth functioning of the plantations.
FAQs on Commercial Agriculture
Question 1: Define Commercial Farming.
Answer:
It is defined as a method of farming which is completely driven by profits. It is cultivating crops and livestock in large quantities with the main motive being selling them in the market to earn profits. This is a capital-intensive technique. The investment required for commercial farming is very high.
Question 2: How was Commercial forestry different from the other farming techniques?
Answer:
Crops are grown in large quantities with the help of modern technologies, machinery and various other techniques. This involves using fertilizers and pesticides for better growth of the crop. The main differentiator of this farming technique is the high dosage of fertilizers, pesticides and use of High yielding varieties (HYV) seeds. The amount of commercial farming varies from place to place.
Question 3: what were the Institutions built by the British government?
Answer:
The Indian Forest Services was formed by Dietrich Brandis in 1864. The Indian forest act was passed by the British government in the year 1865. This law extended the British Colonial rights in India over forests. The Imperial forest research Institution was set up in Dehradun in the year 1906 to help develop new technologies and techniques to aid the farming techniques of the sub-continent. This institute taught the people the scientific method of forestry.
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