std::upper_bound and std::lower_bound for Vector in C++ STL

Click here for Set 1 and Set 2 of Vectors.   

Vector – upper_bound and lower_bound

Iterator lower_bound (Iterator first, Iterator last, const val) 
Iterator upper_bound (Iterator first, Iterator last, const val) 
lower_bound returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the range [first,last) which has a value not less than ‘val’. 

and if the value is not present in the vector then it returns the end iterator.
upper_bound returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the range [first,last) which has a value greater than ‘val’. 

CPP

// lower_bound and upper_bound in vector

#include <algorithm> // for lower_bound, upper_bound and sort
#include <iostream>
#include <vector> // for vector

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int gfg[] = { 5, 6, 7, 7, 6, 5, 5, 6 };

    vector<int> v(gfg, gfg + 8); // 5 6 7 7 6 5 5 6

    sort(v.begin(), v.end()); // 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7

    vector<int>::iterator lower, upper;
    lower = lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), 6);
    upper = upper_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), 6);

    cout << "lower_bound for 6 at position "
         << (lower - v.begin() + 1) << '\n';
    cout << "upper_bound for 6 at position "
         << (upper - v.begin() + 1) << '\n';

    return 0;
}

Output : 

lower_bound for 6 at position 4
upper_bound for 6 at position 7

Time Complexity: O(n*log(n)) where n is the number of elements in the array.
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Let us see the difference table with 5 useful differences that are as follows:

std::upper_bound	std::lower_bound
It is used to return an iterator pointing to the last element in the range	It is used to return  an iterator pointing to the first element in the range
It is defined in <algorithm> header file.	It is defined in <algorithm> header file.
Its return type is of integer.	Its return type is of integer.
Its complexity is logarithmic.	Its complexity is logarithmic.
If no element in the range compares greater than val, the function returns last.	If all the element in the range compare less than val, the function returns last

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