Sum of Binomial coefficients

Given a positive integer n, the task is to find the sum of binomial coefficient i.e
ⁿC₀ + ⁿC₁ + ⁿC₂ + ……. + ⁿC_n-1 + ⁿC_n
Examples:

Input : n = 4
Output : 16
4C0 + 4C1 + 4C2 + 4C3 + 4C4
= 1 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 1
= 16

Input : n = 5
Output : 32

Method 1 (Brute Force):
The idea is to evaluate each binomial coefficient term i.e ⁿC_r, where 0 <= r <= n and calculate the sum of all the terms.
Below is the implementation of this approach: 

C++

// CPP Program to find the sum of Binomial
// Coefficient.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Returns value of Binomial Coefficient Sum
int binomialCoeffSum(int n)
{
    int C[n + 1][n + 1];

    // Calculate value of Binomial Coefficient
    // in bottom up manner
    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j <= min(i, n); j++) {
            // Base Cases
            if (j == 0 || j == i)
                C[i][j] = 1;

            // Calculate value using previously
            // stored values
            else
                C[i][j] = C[i - 1][j - 1] + C[i - 1][j];
        }
    }

    // Calculating the sum.
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
        sum += C[n][i];

    return sum;
}

/* Driver program to test above function*/
int main()
{
    int n = 4;
    printf("%d", binomialCoeffSum(n));
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java Program to find the sum
// of Binomial Coefficient.

class GFG {

    // Returns value of Binomial
    // Coefficient Sum
    static int binomialCoeffSum(int n)
    {
        int C[][] = new int[n + 1][n + 1];

        // Calculate value of Binomial
        // Coefficient in bottom up manner
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j <= Math.min(i, n); j++)
            {
                // Base Cases
                if (j == 0 || j == i)
                    C[i][j] = 1;

                // Calculate value using previously
                // stored values
                else
                    C[i][j] = C[i - 1][j - 1] +
                              C[i - 1][j];


            }
        }

        // Calculating the sum.
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
            sum += C[n][i];

        return sum;
    }

    /* Driver program to test above function*/
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int n = 4;
        System.out.println(binomialCoeffSum(n));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by prerna saini.

Python3

# Python  Program to find the sum
# of Binomial Coefficient.

import math

# Returns value of Binomial
# Coefficient Sum
def binomialCoeffSum( n):

        C = [[0]*(n+2) for i in range(0,n+2)]

        # Calculate value of Binomial
        # Coefficient in bottom up manner
        for i in range(0,n+1):
            for j in range(0, min(i, n)+1):

                # Base Cases
                if (j == 0 or j == i):
                    C[i][j] = 1

                # Calculate value using previously
                # stored values
                else:
                    C[i][j] = C[i - 1][j - 1] + C[i - 1][j]

        # Calculating the sum.
        sum = 0
        for i in range(0,n+1):
            sum += C[n][i]

        return sum


# Driver program to test above function
n = 4
print(binomialCoeffSum(n))

# This code is contributed by Gitanjali.

C#

// C# program to find the sum
// of Binomial Coefficient.
using System;

class GFG {

    // Returns value of Binomial
    // Coefficient Sum
    static int binomialCoeffSum(int n)
    {
        int[, ] C = new int[n + 1, n + 1];

        // Calculate value of Binomial
        // Coefficient in bottom up manner
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j <= Math.Min(i, n); j++)
            {
                // Base Cases
                if (j == 0 || j == i)
                    C[i, j] = 1;

                // Calculate value using previously
                // stored values
                else
                    C[i, j] = C[i - 1, j - 1] + C[i - 1, j];
            }
        }

        // Calculating the sum.
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
            sum += C[n, i];

        return sum;
    }

    /* Driver program to test above function*/
    public static void Main()
    {
        int n = 4;
        Console.WriteLine(binomialCoeffSum(n));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by vt_m.

PHP

<?php
// PHP Program to find the
// sum of Binomial Coefficient.
// Returns value of Binomial
// Coefficient Sum

function binomialCoeffSum($n)
{
    $C[$n + 1][$n + 1] = array(0);

    // Calculate value of
    // Binomial Coefficient
    // in bottom up manner
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $n; $i++)
    {
        for ($j = 0;
             $j <= min($i, $n); $j++)
        {
            // Base Cases
            if ($j == 0 || $j == $i)
                $C[$i][$j] = 1;

            // Calculate value
            // using previously
            // stored values
            else
                $C[$i][$j] = $C[$i - 1][$j - 1] +
                             $C[$i - 1][$j];
        }
    }

    // Calculating the sum.
    $sum = 0;
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $n; $i++)
        $sum += $C[$n][$i];

    return $sum;
}

// Driver Code
$n = 4;
echo binomialCoeffSum($n);

// This code is contributed by ajit
?>

Javascript

<script>

// JavaScript Program to find the sum
// of Binomial Coefficient.

    // Returns value of Binomial
    // Coefficient Sum
    function binomialCoeffSum(n)
    {
        let C = new Array(n + 1);

        // Loop to create 2D array using 1D array
        for (var i = 0; i < C.length; i++) {
            C[i] = new Array(2);
        }

        // Calculate value of Binomial
        // Coefficient in bottom up manner
        for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++)
        {
            for (let j = 0; j <= Math.min(i, n); j++)
            {
                // Base Cases
                if (j == 0 || j == i)
                    C[i][j] = 1;

                // Calculate value using previously
                // stored values
                else
                    C[i][j] = C[i - 1][j - 1] +
                              C[i - 1][j];


            }
        }

        // Calculating the sum.
        let sum = 0;
        for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++)
            sum += C[n][i];

        return sum;
    }

// Driver code

        let n = 4;
        document.write(binomialCoeffSum(n));

</script>

Output:

16

Method 2 (Using Formula):

This can be proved in 2 ways. 
First Proof: Using Principle of induction.

For basic step, n = 0 
LHS = ⁰C₀ = (0!)/(0! * 0!) = 1/1 = 1. 
RHS= 2⁰ = 1. 
LHS = RHS
For induction step: 
Let k be an integer such that k > 0 and for all r, 0 <= r <= k, where r belong to integers, 
the formula stand true. 
Therefore, 
^kC₀ + ^kC₁ + ^kC₂ + ……. + ^kC_k-1 + ^kC_k = 2^k
Now, we have to prove for n = k + 1, 
^k+1C₀ + ^k+1C₁ + ^k+1C₂ + ……. + ^k+1C_k + ^k+1C_k+1 = 2^k+1
LHS = ^k+1C₀ + ^k+1C₁ + ^k+1C₂ + ……. + ^k+1C_k + ^k+1C_k+1
(Using ⁿC₀ = 0 and ⁿ⁺¹C_r = ⁿC_r + ⁿC_r-1) 
= 1 + ^kC₀ + ^kC₁ + ^kC₁ + ^kC₂ + …… + ^kC_k-1 + ^kC_k + 1 
= ^kC₀ + ^kC₀ + ^kC₁ + ^kC₁ + …… + ^kC_k-1 + ^kC_k-1 + ^kC_k + ^kC_k
= 2 X ∑ ⁿC_r
= 2 X 2^k
= 2^k+1
= RHS

Second Proof: Using Binomial theorem expansion 

Binomial expansion state, 
(x + y)ⁿ = ⁿC₀ xⁿ y⁰ + ⁿC₁ x^n-1 y¹ + ⁿC₂ x^n-2 y² + ……… + ⁿC_n-1 x¹ y^n-1 + ⁿC_n x⁰ yⁿ
Put x = 1, y = 1 
(1 + 1)ⁿ = ⁿC₀ 1ⁿ 1⁰ + ⁿC₁ x^n-1 1¹ + ⁿC₂ 1^n-2 1² + ……… + ⁿC_n-1 1¹ 1^n-1 + ⁿC_n 1⁰ 1ⁿ
2ⁿ = ⁿC₀ + ⁿC₁ + ⁿC₂ + ……. + ⁿC_n-1 + ⁿC_n

Below is implementation of this approach: 

C++

// CPP Program to find sum of Binomial
// Coefficient.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Returns value of Binomial Coefficient Sum
// which is 2 raised to power n.
int binomialCoeffSum(int n)
{
    return (1 << n);
}

/* Driver program to test above function*/
int main()
{
    int n = 4;
    printf("%d", binomialCoeffSum(n));
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java Program to find sum
// of Binomial Coefficient.
import java.io.*;

class GFG
{
    // Returns value of Binomial
    // Coefficient Sum which is
    // 2 raised to power n.
    static int binomialCoeffSum(int n)
    {
        return (1 << n);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        int n = 4;
        System.out.println(binomialCoeffSum(n));
    }
}

// This code is contributed
// by akt_mit.

Python3

# Python  Program to find the sum
# of Binomial Coefficient.

import math
# Returns value of Binomial
# Coefficient Sum
def binomialCoeffSum( n):

    return (1 << n);

# Driver program to test
# above function
n = 4
print(binomialCoeffSum(n))

# This code is contributed
# by Gitanjali.

C#

// C# Program to find sum of
// Binomial Coefficient.
using System;

class GFG {

    // Returns value of Binomial Coefficient Sum
    // which is 2 raised to power n.
    static int binomialCoeffSum(int n)
    {
        return (1 << n);
    }

    /* Driver program to test above function*/
    static public void Main()
    {
        int n = 4;
        Console.WriteLine(binomialCoeffSum(n));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by vt_m.

PHP

<?php
// PHP Program to find sum
// of Binomial Coefficient.

// Returns value of Binomial
// Coefficient Sum which is
// 2 raised to power n.
function binomialCoeffSum($n)
{
    return (1 << $n);
}

// Driver Code
$n = 4;
echo binomialCoeffSum($n);

// This code is contributed
// by akt_mit
?>

Javascript

<script>
    // Javascript Program to find sum of Binomial Coefficient.

    // Returns value of Binomial Coefficient Sum
    // which is 2 raised to power n.
    function binomialCoeffSum(n)
    {
        return (1 << n);
    }

    let n = 4;
      document.write(binomialCoeffSum(n));

</script>

Output:

16