GATE | GATE-CS-2015 (Set 2) | Question 65

Assume that the bandwidth for a TCP connection is 1048560 bits/sec. Let α be the value of RTT in milliseconds (rounded off to the nearest integer) after which the TCP window scale option is needed. Let β be the maximum possible window size with window scale option. Then the values of α and β are.
(A) 63 milliseconds 65535 × 2¹⁴
(B) 63 milliseconds 65535 × 2¹⁶
(C) 500 milliseconds 65535 × 2¹⁴
(D) 500 milliseconds 65535 × 2¹⁶


Answer: (C)

Explanation: Since sequence number in TCP header is limited to 16 bits, the maximum window size is limited. When bandwidth delay product of a link is high, scaling is required to efficiently use link. TCP allows scaling of windows when bandwidth delay product is greater than 65,535 (Refer this).

The bandwidth delay product for given link is 1048560 * α. Window scaling is needed when this value is more than 65535 bytes, i.e., when α is greater than 65535 * 8 / 1048560 or 0.5 seconds.

Scaling is done by specifying a one byte shift count in the header options field. The true receive window size is left shifted by the value in shift count. A maximum value of 14 may be used for the shift count value. Therefore maximum window size with scaling option is 65535 × 2¹⁴.

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