Find the maximum element in an array which is first increasing and then decreasing
Given an array of integers which is initially increasing and then decreasing, find the maximum value in the array.
Examples :
Input: arr[] = {8, 10, 20, 80, 100, 200, 400, 500, 3, 2, 1} Output: 500 Input: arr[] = {1, 3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6} Output: 50 Corner case (No decreasing part) Input: arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50} Output: 50 Corner case (No increasing part) Input: arr[] = {120, 100, 80, 20, 0} Output: 120
Method 1 (Linear Search): We can traverse the array and keep track of maximum and element. And finally return the maximum element.
Implementation:
C++
// C++ program to find maximum // element #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // function to find the maximum element int findMaximum( int arr[], int low, int high) { int max = arr[low]; int i; for (i = low + 1; i <= high; i++) { if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i]; // break when once an element is smaller than // the max then it will go on decreasing // and no need to check after that else break ; } return max; } /* Driver code*/ int main() { int arr[] = {1, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 23, 20}; int n = sizeof (arr)/ sizeof (arr[0]); cout << "The maximum element is " << findMaximum(arr, 0, n-1); return 0; } // This is code is contributed by rathbhupendra |
C
// C program to find maximum // element #include <stdio.h> // function to find the maximum element int findMaximum( int arr[], int low, int high) { int max = arr[low]; int i; for (i = low+1; i <= high; i++) { if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i]; // break when once an element is smaller than // the max then it will go on decreasing // and no need to check after that else break ; } return max; } /* Driver program to check above functions */ int main() { int arr[] = {1, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 23, 20}; int n = sizeof (arr)/ sizeof (arr[0]); printf ( "The maximum element is %d" , findMaximum(arr, 0, n-1)); getchar (); return 0; } |
Java
// java program to find maximum // element class Main { // function to find the // maximum element static int findMaximum( int arr[], int low, int high) { int max = arr[low]; int i; for (i = low; i <= high; i++) { if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i]; } return max; } // main function public static void main (String[] args) { int arr[] = { 1 , 30 , 40 , 50 , 60 , 70 , 23 , 20 }; int n = arr.length; System.out.println( "The maximum element is " + findMaximum(arr, 0 , n- 1 )); } } |
Python3
# Python3 program to find # maximum element def findMaximum(arr, low, high): max = arr[low] i = low for i in range (high + 1 ): if arr[i] > max : max = arr[i] return max # Driver program to check above functions */ arr = [ 1 , 30 , 40 , 50 , 60 , 70 , 23 , 20 ] n = len (arr) print ( "The maximum element is %d" % findMaximum(arr, 0 , n - 1 )) # This code is contributed by Shreyanshi Arun. |
C#
// C# program to find maximum // element using System; class GFG { // function to find the // maximum element static int findMaximum( int []arr, int low, int high) { int max = arr[low]; int i; for (i = low; i <= high; i++) { if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i]; } return max; } // Driver code public static void Main () { int []arr = {1, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 23, 20}; int n = arr.Length; Console.Write( "The maximum element is " + findMaximum(arr, 0, n-1)); } } // This code is contributed by Sam007 |
PHP
<?php // PHP program to Find the maximum // element in an array which is first // increasing and then decreasing function findMaximum( $arr , $low , $high ) { $max = $arr [ $low ]; $i ; for ( $i = $low ; $i <= $high ; $i ++) { if ( $arr [ $i ] > $max ) $max = $arr [ $i ]; } return $max ; } // Driver Code $arr = array (1, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 23, 20); $n = count ( $arr ); echo "The maximum element is " , findMaximum( $arr , 0, $n -1); // This code is contributed by anuj_67. ?> |
Javascript
<script> // Javascript program to find maximum // element // function to find the maximum element function findMaximum(arr, low, high) { var max = arr[low]; var i; for (i = low + 1; i <= high; i++) { if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i]; // break when once an element is smaller than // the max then it will go on decreasing // and no need to check after that else break ; } return max; } /* Driver code*/ var arr = [1, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 23, 20]; var n = arr.length; document.write( "The maximum element is " + findMaximum(arr, 0, n-1)); </script> |
The maximum element is 70
Time Complexity : O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Method 2 (Binary Search – Recursive Solution)
The iterative approach of Binary search to find the maximum element in an array which is first increasing and then decreasing.
The standard binary search approach can be modified in the following ways :-
- If the mid element is greater than both of its adjacent elements, then mid is the maximum.
- If the mid element is smaller than its next element then we should try to search on the right half of the array. So, make, high = mid – 1. Example array : {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 3, 1}
- If the mid element is greater than the next element, similarly we should try to search on the left half. So, make, low = mid + 1. Example array: {3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6}
Implementation:
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // Recursive solution for finding bitonic point int findMaximum( int arr[], int low, int high) { // if there is only one element if (low == high) return arr[high]; // finding the mid index int mid = low + (high - low) / 2; // if the value of mid index is greater than left and right value if (arr[mid] > arr[mid - 1] and arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1]) return arr[mid]; // if value on mid index is greater than next index // shift the search space to right half else if (arr[mid] < arr[mid + 1]) return findMaximum(arr, mid + 1, high); // else vice-versa i.e. to left half else return findMaximum(arr, low, mid - 1); } /* Driver code */ int main() { int arr[] = { 1, 3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6 }; int n = sizeof (arr) / sizeof (arr[0]); cout << "The maximum element is " << findMaximum(arr, 0, n - 1); return 0; } // This is code is contributed by rajdeep999 |
C
#include <stdio.h> int findMaximum( int arr[], int low, int high) { /* Base Case: Only one element is present in arr[low..high]*/ if (low == high) return arr[low]; /* If there are two elements and first is greater then the first element is maximum */ if ((high == low + 1) && arr[low] >= arr[high]) return arr[low]; /* If there are two elements and second is greater then the second element is maximum */ if ((high == low + 1) && arr[low] < arr[high]) return arr[high]; int mid = (low + high)/2; /*low + (high - low)/2;*/ /* If we reach a point where arr[mid] is greater than both of its adjacent elements arr[mid-1] and arr[mid+1], then arr[mid] is the maximum element*/ if ( arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1] && arr[mid] > arr[mid - 1]) return arr[mid]; /* If arr[mid] is greater than the next element and smaller than the previous element then maximum lies on left side of mid */ if (arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1] && arr[mid] < arr[mid - 1]) return findMaximum(arr, low, mid-1); else // when arr[mid] is greater than arr[mid-1] and smaller than arr[mid+1] return findMaximum(arr, mid + 1, high); } /* Driver program to check above functions */ int main() { int arr[] = {1, 3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6}; int n = sizeof (arr)/ sizeof (arr[0]); printf ( "The maximum element is %d" , findMaximum(arr, 0, n-1)); getchar (); return 0; } |
Java
// java program to find maximum // element class Main { // function to find the // maximum element static int findMaximum( int arr[], int low, int high) { /* Base Case: Only one element is present in arr[low..high]*/ if (low == high) return arr[low]; /* If there are two elements and first is greater then the first element is maximum */ if ((high == low + 1 ) && arr[low] >= arr[high]) return arr[low]; /* If there are two elements and second is greater then the second element is maximum */ if ((high == low + 1 ) && arr[low] < arr[high]) return arr[high]; /*low + (high - low)/2;*/ int mid = (low + high)/ 2 ; /* If we reach a point where arr[mid] is greater than both of its adjacent elements arr[mid-1] and arr[mid+1], then arr[mid] is the maximum element*/ if ( arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1 ] && arr[mid] > arr[mid - 1 ]) return arr[mid]; /* If arr[mid] is greater than the next element and smaller than the previous element then maximum lies on left side of mid */ if (arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1 ] && arr[mid] < arr[mid - 1 ]) return findMaximum(arr, low, mid- 1 ); else return findMaximum(arr, mid + 1 , high); } // main function public static void main (String[] args) { int arr[] = { 1 , 3 , 50 , 10 , 9 , 7 , 6 }; int n = arr.length; System.out.println( "The maximum element is " + findMaximum(arr, 0 , n- 1 )); } } |
Python3
def findMaximum(arr, low, high): # Base Case: Only one element is present in arr[low..high]*/ if low = = high: return arr[low] # If there are two elements and first is greater then # the first element is maximum */ if high = = low + 1 and arr[low] > = arr[high]: return arr[low]; # If there are two elements and second is greater then # the second element is maximum */ if high = = low + 1 and arr[low] < arr[high]: return arr[high] mid = (low + high) / / 2 #low + (high - low)/2;*/ # If we reach a point where arr[mid] is greater than both of # its adjacent elements arr[mid-1] and arr[mid+1], then arr[mid] # is the maximum element*/ if arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1 ] and arr[mid] > arr[mid - 1 ]: return arr[mid] # If arr[mid] is greater than the next element and smaller than the previous # element then maximum lies on left side of mid */ if arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1 ] and arr[mid] < arr[mid - 1 ]: return findMaximum(arr, low, mid - 1 ) else : # when arr[mid] is greater than arr[mid-1] and smaller than arr[mid+1] return findMaximum(arr, mid + 1 , high) # Driver program to check above functions */ arr = [ 1 , 3 , 50 , 10 , 9 , 7 , 6 ] n = len (arr) print ( "The maximum element is %d" % findMaximum(arr, 0 , n - 1 )) # This code is contributed by Shreyanshi Arun. |
C#
// C# program to find maximum // element using System; class GFG { // function to find the // maximum element static int findMaximum( int []arr, int low, int high) { /* Base Case: Only one element is present in arr[low..high]*/ if (low == high) return arr[low]; /* If there are two elements and first is greater then the first element is maximum */ if ((high == low + 1) && arr[low] >= arr[high]) return arr[low]; /* If there are two elements and second is greater then the second element is maximum */ if ((high == low + 1) && arr[low] < arr[high]) return arr[high]; /*low + (high - low)/2;*/ int mid = (low + high)/2; /* If we reach a point where arr[mid] is greater than both of its adjacent elements arr[mid-1] and arr[mid+1], then arr[mid] is the maximum element*/ if ( arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1] && arr[mid] > arr[mid - 1]) return arr[mid]; /* If arr[mid] is greater than the next element and smaller than the previous element then maximum lies on left side of mid */ if (arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1] && arr[mid] < arr[mid - 1]) return findMaximum(arr, low, mid-1); else return findMaximum(arr, mid + 1, high); } // main function public static void Main() { int []arr = {1, 3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6}; int n = arr.Length; Console.Write( "The maximum element is " + findMaximum(arr, 0, n-1)); } } // This code is contributed by Sam007 |
PHP
<?php // PHP program to Find the maximum // element in an array which is // first increasing and then decreasing function findMaximum( $arr , $low , $high ) { /* Base Case: Only one element is present in arr[low..high]*/ if ( $low == $high ) return $arr [ $low ]; /* If there are two elements and first is greater then the first element is maximum */ if (( $high == $low + 1) && $arr [ $low ] >= $arr [ $high ]) return $arr [ $low ]; /* If there are two elements and second is greater then the second element is maximum */ if (( $high == $low + 1) && $arr [ $low ] < $arr [ $high ]) return $arr [ $high ]; /*low + (high - low)/2;*/ $mid = ( $low + $high ) / 2; /* If we reach a point where arr[mid] is greater than both of its adjacent elements arr[mid-1] and arr[mid+1], then arr[mid] is the maximum element */ if ( $arr [ $mid ] > $arr [ $mid + 1] && $arr [ $mid ] > $arr [ $mid - 1]) return $arr [ $mid ]; /* If arr[mid] is greater than the next element and smaller than the previous element then maximum lies on left side of mid */ if ( $arr [ $mid ] > $arr [ $mid + 1] && $arr [ $mid ] < $arr [ $mid - 1]) return findMaximum( $arr , $low , $mid - 1); // when arr[mid] is greater than // arr[mid-1] and smaller than // arr[mid+1] else return findMaximum( $arr , $mid + 1, $high ); } // Driver Code $arr = array (1, 3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6); $n = sizeof( $arr ); echo ( "The maximum element is " ); echo (findMaximum( $arr , 0, $n -1)); // This code is contributed by nitin mittal. ?> |
Javascript
<script> function findMaximum( arr, low, high) { /* Base Case: Only one element is present in arr[low..high]*/ if (low == high) return arr[low]; /* If there are two elements and first is greater then the first element is maximum */ if ((high == low + 1) && arr[low] >= arr[high]) return arr[low]; /* If there are two elements and second is greater then the second element is maximum */ if ((high == low + 1) && arr[low] < arr[high]) return arr[high]; mid = (low + high)/2; /*low + (high - low)/2;*/ /* If we reach a point where arr[mid] is greater than both of its adjacent elements arr[mid-1] and arr[mid+1], then arr[mid] is the maximum element*/ if ( arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1] && arr[mid] > arr[mid - 1]) return arr[mid]; /* If arr[mid] is greater than the next element and smaller than the previous element then maximum lies on left side of mid */ if (arr[mid] > arr[mid + 1] && arr[mid] < arr[mid - 1]) return findMaximum(arr, low, mid-1); // when arr[mid] is greater than arr[mid-1] // and smaller than arr[mid+1] return findMaximum(arr, mid + 1, high); } /* Driver code */ arr = new Array(1, 3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6); n = arr.length; document.write( "The maximum element is" + "\n" + findMaximum(arr, 0, n-1)); // This code is contributed by simranarora5sos </script> |
The maximum element is 50
Time Complexity : O(logn)
Auxiliary Space : O(logn)
This method works only for distinct numbers. For example, it will not work for an array like {0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1}.
Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.
Method 3 (Binary Search – Iterative Solution)
The iterative approach of Binary search to find the maximum element in an array which is first increasing and then decreasing.
The standard binary search approach can be modified in the following ways :-
- If the mid element is greater than both of its adjacent elements, then mid is the maximum.
- If the mid element is smaller than its next element then we should try to search on the right half of the array. So, make, high = mid – 1 .Example array : {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 3, 1}
- If the mid element is greater than the next element, similarly we should try to search on the left half. So, make, low = mid + 1. Example array : {3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6}
Implementation:
C++
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int maxInBitonic( int arr[], int low, int high) { // find out the size of the array // for edge case checking int n = high + 1; // main code goes as follows while (low <= high) { // find out the mid int mid = low + (high - low) / 2; // if mid index value is maximum if (arr[mid] > arr[mid+1] and arr[mid] > arr[mid-1]) return arr[mid]; // reducing search space by moving to right else if (arr[mid] < arr[mid + 1]) low = mid + 1; // reducing search space by moving to left else high = mid - 1; } return arr[high]; } // Driver function int main() { int arr[] = { 1, 3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6 }; int n = sizeof (arr) / sizeof (arr[0]); cout << "The maximum element is " << maxInBitonic(arr, 0, n - 1); return 0; } // This code is contributed by rajdeep999 |
Java
import java.util.*; class GFG{ static int maxInBitonic( int arr[], int l, int r) { while (l <= r) { int m = l + (r - l) / 2 ; // m = (l + r) / 2 /****Base Cases Starts*****/ if (l==r) return arr[l]; /* If there are two elements and first is greater then the first element is maximum */ if ((r == l + 1 ) && arr[l] >= arr[r]) return arr[l]; /* If there are two elements and second is greater then the second element is maximum */ if ((r == l + 1 ) && arr[l] < arr[r]) return arr[r]; /* If we reach a point where arr[mid] is greater than both of its adjacent elements arr[mid-1] and arr[mid+1], then arr[mid] is the maximum element*/ if (arr[m] > arr[m + 1 ] && arr[m] > arr[m - 1 ]) return arr[m]; /****Base Case ends *****/ // move to left with l and r=m-1 if (arr[m] > arr[m + 1 ] && arr[m] < arr[m - 1 ]) r = m - 1 ; else l = m + 1 ; // move to right with l=m+1 and r } // if we reach here, then element was // not present return - 1 ; } // Driver function public static void main(String[] args) { int arr[] = { 1 , 3 , 50 , 10 , 9 , 7 , 6 }; int n = arr.length; System.out.print( "The maximum element is " + maxInBitonic(arr, 0 , n - 1 )); } } // This code is contributed by todaysgaurav |
Python3
# Python 3 program for the above approach def maxInBitonic(arr, l, r) : while (l < = r) : m = int (l + (r - l) / 2 ) # m = (l + r) / 2 #Base Cases Starts*****/ if (l = = r) return arr[l]; # If there are two elements and first is greater # then the first element is maximum */ if ((r = = l + 1 ) and arr[l] > = arr[r]): return arr[l] # If there are two elements and second is greater # then the second element is maximum */ if ((r = = l + 1 ) and arr[l] < arr[r]): return arr[r] # If we reach a point where arr[mid] is greater # than both of its adjacent elements arr[mid-1] and # arr[mid+1], then arr[mid] is the maximum # element*/ if (arr[m] > arr[m + 1 ] and arr[m] > arr[m - 1 ]): return arr[m] #***Base Case ends *****/ # move to left with l and r=m-1 if (arr[m] > arr[m + 1 ] and arr[m] < arr[m - 1 ]) : r = m - 1 else : l = m + 1 # move to right with l=m+1 and r # if we reach here, then element was # not present return - 1 # Driver function arr = [ 1 , 3 , 50 , 10 , 9 , 7 , 6 ] n = len (arr) print ( "The maximum element is " , maxInBitonic(arr, 0 , n - 1 )) # This code is contributed by splevel62. |
C#
using System; class GFG{ static int maxInBitonic( int []arr, int l, int r) { while (l <= r) { int m = l + (r - l) / 2; // m = (l + r) / 2 /****Base Cases Starts*****/ if (l==r) return arr[l]; /* If there are two elements and first is greater then the first element is maximum */ if ((r == l + 1) && arr[l] >= arr[r]) return arr[l]; /* If there are two elements and second is greater then the second element is maximum */ if ((r == l + 1) && arr[l] < arr[r]) return arr[r]; /* If we reach a point where arr[mid] is greater than both of its adjacent elements arr[mid-1] and arr[mid+1], then arr[mid] is the maximum element*/ if (arr[m] > arr[m + 1] && arr[m] > arr[m - 1]) return arr[m]; /****Base Case ends *****/ // move to left with l and r=m-1 if (arr[m] > arr[m + 1] && arr[m] < arr[m - 1]) r = m - 1; else l = m + 1; // move to right with l=m+1 and r } // if we reach here, then element was // not present return -1; } // Driver function public static void Main(String[] args) { int []arr = { 1, 3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6 }; int n = arr.Length; Console.Write( "The maximum element is " + maxInBitonic(arr, 0, n - 1)); } } // This code is contributed by shivanisinghss2110 |
Javascript
<script> // JavaScript program function maxInBitonic(arr, l, r) { while (l <= r) { var m = l + (r - l) / 2; // m = (l + r) / 2 /****Base Cases Starts*****/ if (l==r) return arr[l]; /* If there are two elements and first is greater then the first element is maximum */ if ((r == l + 1) && arr[l] >= arr[r]) return arr[l]; /* If there are two elements and second is greater then the second element is maximum */ if ((r == l + 1) && arr[l] < arr[r]) return arr[r]; /* If we reach a point where arr[mid] is greater than both of its adjacent elements arr[mid-1] and arr[mid+1], then arr[mid] is the maximum element*/ if (arr[m] > arr[m + 1] && arr[m] > arr[m - 1]) return arr[m]; /****Base Case ends *****/ // move to left with l and r=m-1 if (arr[m] > arr[m + 1] && arr[m] < arr[m - 1]) r = m - 1; else l = m + 1; // move to right with l=m+1 and r } // if we reach here, then element was // not present return -1; } // Driver function var arr = [ 1, 3, 50, 10, 9, 7, 6 ]; var n = arr.length; document.write( "The maximum element is " + maxInBitonic(arr, 0, n - 1)); // This code is contributed by shivanisinghss2110 </script> |
The maximum element is 50
Time Complexity: O(log n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
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