C++ Char Data Types

A Char datatype is a datatype that is used to store a single character. It is always enclosed within a single quote (‘ ‘).

Syntax: 

Char variable;

Example:

C++

// C++ Program demonstrate
// Use of char
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    char c = 'g';
    cout << c;
    return 0;
}

Output

g

ASCII Value

ASCII Value stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is used to represent the numeric value of all the characters.

ASCII Range of ‘a’ to ‘z’ =  97-122

ASCII Range of ‘A’ to ‘Z’ =  65-90

ASCII Range of ‘0’ to ‘9’ = 48-57

To know more about it, refer to the article – ASCII table.

Convert Character Value to Corresponding ASCII Value

To convert a character to ASCII value we have to typecast it using int(character) to get the corresponding numeric value.

Example: 

C++

// C++ Program to convert
// Char to ASCII value
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    char c = 'g';
    cout << "The Corresponding ASCII value of 'g' : ";
    cout << int(c) << endl;

    c = 'A';
    cout << "The Corresponding ASCII value of 'A' : ";
    cout << int(c) << endl;
    return 0;
}

Output

The Corresponding ASCII value of 'g' : 103
The Corresponding ASCII value of 'A' : 65

Convert ASCII Value to Corresponding Character Value

To convert an ASCII value to a corresponding Character value we have to typecast it using char(int) to get the corresponding character value.

Example:

C++

// C++ Program to convert
// ASCII value to character
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int x = 53;
    cout << "The Corresponding character value of x is : ";
    cout << char(x) << endl;

    x = 65;
    cout << "The Corresponding character value of x is : ";
    cout << char(x) << endl;

    x = 97;
    cout << "The Corresponding character value of x is : ";
    cout << char(x) << endl;
    return 0;
}

Output

The Corresponding character value of x is : 5
The Corresponding character value of x is : A
The Corresponding character value of x is : a

Escape Sequence in C++

Escape sequences are characters that determine how the line should be printed on the output window. The escape sequence always begins with a backslash ‘\’ (also known as an escape character). Some Examples of Escape Sequences are mentioned below: 

S. No.	Escape Sequences	Character
1.	\n	Newline
2.	\\	Backslash
3.	\t	Horizontal Tab
4.	\v	Vertical Tab
5.	\0	Null Character

Example:

C++

// C++ Program to demonstrate
// Use of Escape Sequence
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    char a = 'G';

    // horizontal tab
    char b = '\t';
    char c = 'F';
    char d = '\t';
    char e = 'G';

    // new line
    char f = '\n';
    string s = "is the best";
    cout << a << b << c << d << e << f << s;
    return 0;
}

Output

G    F    G
is the best