Correct BST whose two nodes are swapped (using Morris Traversal)

Given a Binary Search Tree with two of the nodes of the Binary Search Tree (BST) swapped. The task is to fix (or correct) the BST.
Note: The BST will not have duplicates.

Examples: 

Input Tree:
         10
        /  \
       5    8
      / \
     2   20

In the above tree, nodes 20 and 8 must be swapped to fix the tree.  
Following is the output tree
         10
        /  \
       5    20
      / \
     2   8

Approach: 

• Traverse the BST in In-order fashion and store the nodes in a vector.
• Then this vector is sorted after creating a copy of it.
• Use Insertion sort as it works the best and fastest when the array is almost sorted. As in this problem, only two elements will be displaced so Insertion sort here will work in linear time.
• After sorting, compare the sorted vector and the copy of the vector created earlier, by this, find out the error-some nodes and fix them by finding them in the tree and exchanging them.

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++

// C++ implementation of the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// A binary tree node has data, pointer
// to left child and a pointer to right child
struct node {
    int data;
    struct node *left, *right;
    node(int x)
    {
        data = x;
        left = right = NULL;
    }
};

// Utility function for insertion sort
void insertionSort(vector<int>& v, int n)
{
    int i, key, j;
    for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        key = v[i];
        j = i - 1;
        while (j >= 0 && v[j] > key) {
            v[j + 1] = v[j];
            j = j - 1;
        }
        v[j + 1] = key;
    }
}

// Utility function to create a vector
// with inorder traversal of a binary tree
void inorder(node* root, vector<int>& v)
{
    // Base cases
    if (!root)
        return;

    // Recursive call for left subtree
    inorder(root->left, v);

    // Insert node into vector
    v.push_back(root->data);

    // Recursive call for right subtree
    inorder(root->right, v);
}

// Function to exchange data
// for incorrect nodes
void find(node* root, int res, int res2)
{
    // Base cases
    if (!root) {
        return;
    }

    // Recursive call to find
    // the node in left subtree
    find(root->left, res, res2);

    // Check if current node
    // is incorrect and exchange
    if (root->data == res) {
        root->data = res2;
    }
    else if (root->data == res2) {
        root->data = res;
    }

    // Recursive call to find
    // the node in right subtree
    find(root->right, res, res2);
}

// Primary function to fix the two nodes
struct node* correctBST(struct node* root)
{
    // Vector to store the
    // inorder traversal of tree
    vector<int> v;

    // Function call to insert
    // nodes into vector
    inorder(root, v);

    // create a copy of the vector
    vector<int> v1 = v;

    // Sort the original vector thereby
    // making it a valid BST's inorder
    insertionSort(v, v.size());

    // Traverse through both vectors and
    // compare misplaced values in original BST
    for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {

        // Find the mismatched values
        // and interchange them
        if (v[i] != v1[i]) {

            // Find and exchange the
            // data of the two nodes
            find(root, v1[i], v[i]);

            // As it given only two values are
            // wrong we don't need to check further
            break;
        }
    }

    // Return the root of corrected BST
    return root;
}

// A utility function to
// print Inorder traversal
void printInorder(struct node* node)
{
    if (node == NULL)
        return;
    printInorder(node->left);
    printf("%d ", node->data);
    printInorder(node->right);
}

int main()
{
    struct node* root = new node(6);
    root->left = new node(10);
    root->right = new node(2);
    root->left->left = new node(1);
    root->left->right = new node(3);
    root->right->right = new node(12);
    root->right->left = new node(7);

    printf("Inorder Traversal of the");
    printf("original tree \n");

    printInorder(root);

    correctBST(root);

    printf("\nInorder Traversal of the");
    printf("fixed tree \n");

    printInorder(root);

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java implementation of the above approach
import java.util.ArrayList;
class GFG
{

    // A binary tree node has data, pointer
    // to left child and a pointer to right child
    static class node
    {
        int data;
        node left, right;

        public node(int x)
        {
            data = x;
            left = right = null;
        }
    };

    // Utility function for insertion sort
    static void insertionSort(ArrayList<Integer> v, int n) {
        int i, key, j;
        for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            key = v.get(i);
            j = i - 1;
            while (j >= 0 && v.get(j) > key) {
                v.set(j + 1, v.get(i));
                j = j - 1;
            }
            v.set(j + 1, key);
        }
    }

    // Utility function to create a vector
    // with inorder traversal of a binary tree
    static void inorder(node root, ArrayList<Integer> v) {
        // Base cases
        if (root == null)
            return;

        // Recursive call for left subtree
        inorder(root.left, v);

        // Insert node into vector
        v.add(root.data);

        // Recursive call for right subtree
        inorder(root.right, v);
    }

    // Function to exchange data
    // for incorrect nodes
    static void find(node root, int res, int res2)
    {

        // Base cases
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }

        // Recursive call to find
        // the node in left subtree
        find(root.left, res, res2);

        // Check if current node
        // is incorrect and exchange
        if (root.data == res) {
            root.data = res2;
        } else if (root.data == res2) {
            root.data = res;
        }

        // Recursive call to find
        // the node in right subtree
        find(root.right, res, res2);
    }

    // Primary function to fix the two nodes
    static node correctBST(node root)
    {

        // Vector to store the
        // inorder traversal of tree
        ArrayList<Integer> v = new ArrayList<>();

        // Function call to insert
        // nodes into vector
        inorder(root, v);

        // create a copy of the vector
        ArrayList<Integer> v1 = new ArrayList<>(v);

        // Sort the original vector thereby
        // making it a valid BST's inorder
        insertionSort(v, v.size());

        // Traverse through both vectors and
        // compare misplaced values in original BST
        for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) {

            // Find the mismatched values
            // and interchange them
            if (v.get(i) != v1.get(i)) {

                // Find and exchange the
                // data of the two nodes
                find(root, v1.get(i), v.get(i));

                // As it given only two values are
                // wrong we don't need to check further
                break;
            }
        }

        // Return the root of corrected BST
        return root;
    }

    // A utility function to
    // print Inorder traversal
    static void printInorder(node node) {
        if (node == null)
            return;
        printInorder(node.left);
        System.out.printf("%d ", node.data);
        printInorder(node.right);
    }

  // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        node root = new node(6);
        root.left = new node(10);
        root.right = new node(2);
        root.left.left = new node(1);
        root.left.right = new node(3);
        root.right.right = new node(12);
        root.right.left = new node(7);

        System.out.printf("Inorder Traversal of the");
        System.out.printf("original tree \n");

        printInorder(root);

        correctBST(root);

        System.out.printf("\nInorder Traversal of the");
        System.out.printf("fixed tree \n");

        printInorder(root);

    }
}

    // This code is contributed by sanjeev2552

Python3

# Python3 implementation of the above approach

# A binary tree node has data, pointer
# to left child and a pointer to right child
class node:
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.data = x
        self.left = self.right = None

# Utility function for insertion sort


def insertionSort(v, n):
    for i in range(n):
        key = v[i]
        j = i - 1
        while (j >= 0 and v[j] > key):
            v[j + 1] = v[j]
            j = j - 1
        v[j + 1] = key

# Utility function to create a list
# with inorder traversal of a binary tree


def inorder(root, v):

    # Base cases
    if (not root):
        return

    # Recursive call for left subtree
    inorder(root.left, v)

    # Insert node into list
    v.append(root.data)

    # Recursive call for right subtree
    inorder(root.right, v)

# Function to exchange data
# for incorrect nodes


def find(root, res, res2):

    # Base cases
    if not root:
        return

    # Recursive call to find
    # the node in left subtree
    find(root.left, res, res2)

    # Check if current node
    # is incorrect and exchange
    if (root.data == res):
        root.data = res2

    elif (root.data == res2):
        root.data = res

    # Recursive call to find
    # the node in right subtree
    find(root.right, res, res2)

# Primary function to fix the two nodes


def correctBST(root):

    # List to store the
    # inorder traversal of tree
    v = []

    # Function call to insert
    # nodes into list
    inorder(root, v)

    # create a copy of the list
    v1 = v.copy()

    # Sort the original list thereby
    # making it a valid BST's inorder
    insertionSort(v, len(v))

    # Traverse through both list and
    # compare misplaced values in original BST
    for i in range(len(v)):

        # Find the mismatched values
        # and interchange them
        if (v[i] != v1[i]):

            # Find and exchange the
            # data of the two nodes
            find(root, v1[i], v[i])

            # As it given only two values are
            # wrong we don't need to check further
            break
    # Return the root of corrected BST
    return root

# A utility function to
# print Inorder traversal


def printInorder(node):

    if (node == None):
        return
    printInorder(node.left)
    print("{} ".format(node.data), end=' ')
    printInorder(node.right)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = node(6)
    root.left = node(10)
    root.right = node(2)
    root.left.left = node(1)
    root.left.right = node(3)
    root.right.right = node(12)
    root.right.left = node(7)

    print("Inorder Traversal of the original tree ")

    printInorder(root)

    correctBST(root)

    print()
    print("Inorder Traversal of the fixed tree ")

    printInorder(root)
    print()
# This code is contributed by
# Amartya Ghosh

C#

// C# implementation of the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class GFG {

  // A binary tree node has data, pointer
  // to left child and a pointer to right child
  public class node {
    public int data;
    public node left, right;

    public node(int x) {
      data = x;
      left = right = null;
    }
  };

  // Utility function for insertion sort
  static void insertionSort(List<int> v, int n) {
    int i, key, j;
    for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
      key = v[i];
      j = i - 1;
      while (j >= 0 && v[j] > key) {
        v[j + 1]= v[i];
        j = j - 1;
      }
      v[j + 1] =  key;
    }
  }

  // Utility function to create a vector
  // with inorder traversal of a binary tree
  static void inorder(node root, List<int> v) {
    // Base cases
    if (root == null)
      return;

    // Recursive call for left subtree
    inorder(root.left, v);

    // Insert node into vector
    v.Add(root.data);

    // Recursive call for right subtree
    inorder(root.right, v);
  }

  // Function to exchange data
  // for incorrect nodes
  static void find(node root, int res, int res2) {

    // Base cases
    if (root == null) {
      return;
    }

    // Recursive call to find
    // the node in left subtree
    find(root.left, res, res2);

    // Check if current node
    // is incorrect and exchange
    if (root.data == res) {
      root.data = res2;
    } else if (root.data == res2) {
      root.data = res;
    }

    // Recursive call to find
    // the node in right subtree
    find(root.right, res, res2);
  }

  // Primary function to fix the two nodes
  static node correctBST(node root) {

    // List to store the
    // inorder traversal of tree
    List<int> v = new List<int>();

    // Function call to insert
    // nodes into vector
    inorder(root, v);

    // create a copy of the vector
    List<int> v1 = new List<int>(v);

    // Sort the original vector thereby
    // making it a valid BST's inorder
    insertionSort(v, v.Count);

    // Traverse through both vectors and
    // compare misplaced values in original BST
    for (int i = 0; i < v.Count; i++) {

      // Find the mismatched values
      // and interchange them
      if (v[i] != v1[i]) {

        // Find and exchange the
        // data of the two nodes
        find(root, v1[i], v[i]);

        // As it given only two values are
        // wrong we don't need to check further
        break;
      }
    }

    // Return the root of corrected BST
    return root;
  }

  // A utility function to
  // print Inorder traversal
  static void printInorder(node node) {
    if (node == null)
      return;
    printInorder(node.left);
    Console.Write("{0} ", node.data);
    printInorder(node.right);
  }

  // Driver code
  public static void Main(String[] args) {

    node root = new node(6);
    root.left = new node(10);
    root.right = new node(2);
    root.left.left = new node(1);
    root.left.right = new node(3);
    root.right.right = new node(12);
    root.right.left = new node(7);

    Console.Write("Inorder Traversal of the");
    Console.Write("original tree \n");

    printInorder(root);

    correctBST(root);

    Console.Write("\nInorder Traversal of the");
    Console.Write("fixed tree \n");

    printInorder(root);

  }
}

// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Javascript

<script>

// JavaScript implementation of the above approach

// A binary tree node has data, pointer
// to left child and a pointer to right child
class node {
    constructor(x)
    {
        this.data = x;
        this.left = this.right = null;
    }
}

// Utility function for insertion sort
function insertionSort(v,n)
{
    let i, key, j;
    for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        key = v[i];
        j = i - 1;
        while (j >= 0 && v[j] > key) {
            v[j + 1] = v[j];
            j = j - 1;
        }
        v[j + 1] = key;
    }
}

// Utility function to create a vector
// with inorder traversal of a binary tree
function inorder(root, v)
{
    // Base cases
    if (!root)
        return;

    // Recursive call for left subtree
    inorder(root.left, v);

    // Insert node into vector
    v.push(root.data);

    // Recursive call for right subtree
    inorder(root.right, v);
}

// Function to exchange data
// for incorrect nodes
function find(root,res,res2)
{
    // Base cases
    if (!root) {
        return;
    }

    // Recursive call to find
    // the node in left subtree
    find(root.left, res, res2);

    // Check if current node
    // is incorrect and exchange
    if (root.data == res) {
        root.data = res2;
    }
    else if (root.data == res2) {
        root.data = res;
    }

    // Recursive call to find
    // the node in right subtree
    find(root.right, res, res2);
}

// Primary function to fix the two nodes
function correctBST(root)
{
    // Vector to store the
    // inorder traversal of tree
    let v = [];

    // Function call to insert
    // nodes into vector
    inorder(root, v);

    // create a copy of the vector
    let v1 = v.slice();

    // Sort the original vector thereby
    // making it a valid BST's inorder
    insertionSort(v, v.length);

    // Traverse through both vectors and
    // compare misplaced values in original BST
    for (let i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {

        // Find the mismatched values
        // and interchange them
        if (v[i] != v1[i]) {

            // Find and exchange the
            // data of the two nodes
            find(root, v1[i], v[i]);

            // As it given only two values are
            // wrong we don't need to check further
            break;
        }
    }

    // Return the root of corrected BST
    return root;
}

// A utility function to
// print Inorder traversal
function printInorder(node)
{
    if (node == null)
        return;
    printInorder(node.left);
    document.write(node.data," ");
    printInorder(node.right);
}

// driver code

let root = new node(6);
root.left = new node(10);
root.right = new node(2);
root.left.left = new node(1);
root.left.right = new node(3);
root.right.right = new node(12);
root.right.left = new node(7);

document.write("Inorder Traversal of the original tree","</br>");

printInorder(root);

correctBST(root);

document.write("</br>","Inorder Traversal of the fixed tree ","</br>");

printInorder(root);

// This code is contributed by shinjanpatra

</script>

Output

Inorder Traversal of theoriginal tree 
1 10 3 6 7 2 12 
Inorder Traversal of thefixed tree 
1 2 3 6 7 10 12 

Time Complexity: O(N) 
Auxiliary Space: O(N), where N is the number of nodes in the Binary Tree.

Method 2:

To understand this, you need to first understand Morris Traversal or Morris Threading Traversal. It makes use of leaf nodes’ right/left pointer to achieve O(1) space Traversal on a Binary Tree.

So, in this approach, we can solve this in O(n) time and O(1) space i.e constant space, with a single traversal of the given BST. Since the inorder traversal of BST is always a sorted array, the problem can be reduced to a problem where two elements of a sorted array are swapped.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ implementation of the
// above approach

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std ;

/* A binary tree node has data,
pointer to left child
and a pointer to right child */
struct node
{
    int data;
    struct node *left, *right;
};

// A utility function to swap two integers
void swap( int* a, int* b )
{
    int t = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = t;
}

/* Helper function that allocates
a new node with the
given data and NULL left and right pointers. */
struct node* newNode(int data)
{
    struct node* Node = new node();
    Node->data = data;
    Node->left = NULL;
    Node->right = NULL;
    return(Node);
}

// Function for inorder traversal using
// Morris Traversal
void MorrisTraversal(struct node* root,
                     struct node* &first,
                     struct node* &last,
                     struct node* &prev )
{
       // Current node
      struct  node* curr = root;

        while(curr != NULL)
        {
            if(curr->left==NULL)
            {

                // If this node is smaller than
                // the previous node, it's
                // violating the BST rule.
                if(first == NULL && prev != NULL &&
                   prev->data > curr->data)
                {
                    // If this is first violation,
                    // mark these two nodes as
                    // 'first' and 'last'
                    first = prev;
                    last = curr;
                }

                if(first != NULL &&
                   prev->data > curr->data)
                {
                  // If this is second violation,
                  // mark this node as last
                    last = curr;
                }
                prev = curr;

                curr = curr->right;
            }
            else
            {
                  /* Find the inorder predecessor of current */
                 struct   node*  pre = curr->left;
                while(pre->right!=NULL && pre->right!=curr)
                {
                    pre = pre->right;
                }

                /* Make current as right child of
                its inorder predecessor */
                if(pre->right==NULL)
                {
                    pre->right = curr;
                    curr = curr->left;
                }
                else
                {
                    // If this node is smaller than
                    // the previous node, it's
                    // violating the BST rule.
                    if(first == NULL && prev!=NULL &&
                       prev->data > curr->data)
                    {
                          // If this is first violation,
                        // mark these two nodes as
                        // 'first' and 'last'
                        first = prev;
                        last = curr;
                    }

                    if(first != NULL &&
                       prev->data > curr->data)
                    {
                          // If this is second violation,
                           // mark this node as last
                        last = curr;
                    }
                    prev = curr;

                      /* Revert the changes made in the
                    'if' part to restore the
                    original tree i.e., fix the
                    right child of predecessor*/
                    pre->right = NULL;
                    curr = curr->right;
                }
            }
        }
    }

// A function to fix a given BST
// where two nodes are swapped. This
// function uses correctBSTUtil()
// to find out two nodes and swaps the
// nodes to fix the BST
void correctBST( struct node* root )
{
    // Initialize pointers needed
    // for correctBSTUtil()
    struct node* first =NULL ;
    struct node* last = NULL ;
    struct node* prev =NULL ;

    // Set the pointers to find out two nodes
    MorrisTraversal( root ,first ,last , prev);

    // Fix (or correct) the tree
    swap( &(first->data), &(last->data) );


    // else nodes have not been swapped,
    // passed tree is really BST.
}

/* A utility function to print Inorder traversal */
void printInorder(struct node* node)
{
    if (node == NULL)
        return;
    printInorder(node->left);
    printf("%d ", node->data);
    printInorder(node->right);
}

/* Driver Code */
int main()
{
    /*   6
        / \
       10  2
      / \ / \
     1  3 7 12
    10 and 2 are swapped
    */

    struct node *root = newNode(6);
    root->left     = newNode(10);
    root->right     = newNode(2);
    root->left->left = newNode(1);
    root->left->right = newNode(3);
    root->right->right = newNode(12);
    root->right->left = newNode(7);

    printf("Inorder Traversal of the original tree \n");
    printInorder(root);

    correctBST(root);

    printf("\nInorder Traversal of the fixed tree \n");
    printInorder(root);

    return 0;
}
// This code is contributed by
// Sagara Jangra and Naresh Saharan

Java

// Java program to correct the BST
// if two nodes are swapped
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;

class Node {

    int data;
    Node left, right;

    Node(int d) {
        data = d;
        left = right = null;
    }
}

class BinaryTree {

       Node first, last, prev;

    // This function does inorder traversal
    // Using Morris Traversal to find out the two
      // swapped nodes.
    void MorrisTraversal( Node root)
    {
       // current node
        Node curr = root;
        Node pre = null;
        while(curr != null)
        {
            if(curr.left==null)
            {

              // If this node is smaller than
              // the previous node, it's
              // violating the BST rule.

                if(first == null && prev != null &&
                   prev.data > curr.data)
                {
                      // If this is first violation,
                    // mark these two nodes as
                    // 'first' and 'last'
                    first = prev;
                    last = curr;
                }

                if(first != null &&
                   prev.data > curr.data)
                {
                  // If this is second violation,
                  // mark this node as last
                    last = curr;
                }
                prev = curr;

                curr = curr.right;
            }
            else
            {
                  /* Find the inorder predecessor of current */
                pre = curr.left;
                while(pre.right!=null &&
                      pre.right!=curr)
                {
                    pre = pre.right;
                }

                // Make current as right child of
                // its inorder predecessor */
                if(pre.right==null)
                {
                    pre.right = curr;
                    curr = curr.left;
                }
                else
                {
                    // If this node is smaller than
                    // the previous node, it's
                    // violating the BST rule.
                    if(first == null && prev!=null &&
                       prev.data > curr.data)
                    {
                          // If this is first violation,
                        // mark these two nodes as
                        // 'first' and 'last'
                        first = prev;
                        last = curr;
                    }

                    if(first != null &&
                       prev.data > curr.data)
                    {
                          // If this is second violation,
                           // mark this node as last
                        last = curr;
                    }
                    prev = curr;

                      /* Revert the changes made in the
                    'if' part to restore the
                    original tree i.e., fix the
                    right child of predecessor*/
                    pre.right = null;
                    curr = curr.right;
                }
            }
        }
    }


      // A function to fix a given BST where
    // two nodes are swapped. This function
    // uses correctBSTUtil() to find out
    // two nodes and swaps the nodes to
    // fix the BST
    void correctBST( Node root )
    {
        // Initialize pointers needed
        // for correctBSTUtil()
        first = last = prev = null;

        // Set the pointers to find out
        // two nodes
        MorrisTraversal( root );

        // Fix (or correct) the tree
          int temp = first.data;
        first.data = last.data;
          last.data = temp;
    }


       /* A utility function to print
     Inorder traversal */
    void printInorder(Node node)
    {
        if (node == null)
            return;
        printInorder(node.left);
        System.out.print(" " + node.data);
        printInorder(node.right);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        /*   6
            / \
           10  2
          / \ / \
         1  3 7 12

        10 and 2 are swapped
        */

        Node root = new Node(6);
        root.left = new Node(10);
        root.right = new Node(2);
        root.left.left = new Node(1);
        root.left.right = new Node(3);
        root.right.right = new Node(12);
        root.right.left = new Node(7);

        System.out.println("Inorder Traversal"+
                        " of the original tree");
        BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree();
        tree.printInorder(root);

        tree.correctBST(root);

        System.out.println("\nInorder Traversal"+
                          " of the fixed tree");
        tree.printInorder(root);
    }
}
// This code is contributed by
// Naresh Saharan and Sagara Jangra

Python3

# Python 3 implementation of the
# above approach

# A binary tree node has data,
# pointer to left child
# and a pointer to right child
class node:
    def __init__(self, d):
        self.data = d
        self.left = self.right = None

# Function for inorder traversal using
# Morris Traversal


def MorrisTraversal(root, first, last, prev):

    # Current node
    curr = root

    while(curr != None):

        if(curr.left == None):

            # If this node is smaller than
            # the previous node, it's
            # violating the BST rule.
            if(first == None and prev is not None and prev.data > curr.data):
                # If this is first violation,
                # mark these two nodes as
                # 'first' and 'last'
                first = prev
                last = curr

            if(first != None and prev.data > curr.data):

                # If this is second violation,
                # mark this node as last
                last = curr
            prev = curr

            curr = curr.right
        else:
            # Find the inorder predecessor of current
            pre = curr.left
            while(pre.right != None and pre.right != curr):
                pre = pre.right

            # Make current as right child of
            # its inorder predecessor
            if(pre.right == None):
                pre.right = curr
                curr = curr.left
            else:

                # If this node is smaller than
                # the previous node, it's
                # violating the BST rule.
                if(first == None and prev != None and prev.data > curr.data):
                    # If this is first violation
                    # mark these two nodes as
                    # 'first' and 'last'
                    first = prev
                    last = curr

                if(first != None and prev.data > curr.data):
                    # If this is second violation,
                    # mark this node as last
                    last = curr
                prev = curr

                # Revert the changes made in the
                # 'if' part to restore the
                # original tree i.e., fix the
                # right child of predecessor
                pre.right = None
                curr = curr.right
    return first,last

# A function to fix a given BST
# where two nodes are swapped. This
# function uses correctBSTUtil()
# to find out two nodes and swaps the
# nodes to fix the BST


def correctBST(root):
    # Initialize pointers needed
    # for correctBSTUtil()
    first = last = prev = None

    # Set the pointers to find out two nodes
    first,last=MorrisTraversal(root, first, last, prev)

    # Fix (or correct) the tree
    first.data, last.data = last.data, first.data

    # else nodes have not been swapped,
    # passed tree is really BST.

# A utility function to print Inorder traversal


def printInorder(node):
    if (node == None):
        return
    printInorder(node.left)
    print("{} ".format(node.data),end=' ')
    printInorder(node.right)


# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    #      6
    #     / \
    #    10  2
    #   / \ / \
    #  1  3 7 12
    # 10 and 2 are swapped

    root = node(6)
    root.left = node(10)
    root.right = node(2)
    root.left.left = node(1)
    root.left.right = node(3)
    root.right.right = node(12)
    root.right.left = node(7)

    print("Inorder Traversal of the original tree ")
    printInorder(root)

    correctBST(root)

    print()
    print("Inorder Traversal of the fixed tree ")
    printInorder(root)
# This code is contributed by
# Amartya Ghosh

C#

// C# program to correct the BST
// if two nodes are swapped
using System;
public


 class Node {

    public


 int data;
   public


  Node left, right;

    public Node(int d) {
        data = d;
        left = right = null;
    }
}

public class GFG {

       Node first, last, prev;

    // This function does inorder traversal
    // Using Morris Traversal to find out the two
      // swapped nodes.
    void MorrisTraversal( Node root)
    {
       // current node
        Node curr = root;
        Node pre = null;
        while(curr != null)
        {
            if(curr.left==null)
            {

              // If this node is smaller than
              // the previous node, it's
              // violating the BST rule.

                if(first == null && prev != null &&
                   prev.data > curr.data)
                {
                      // If this is first violation,
                    // mark these two nodes as
                    // 'first' and 'last'
                    first = prev;
                    last = curr;
                }

                if(first != null &&
                   prev.data > curr.data)
                {
                  // If this is second violation,
                  // mark this node as last
                    last = curr;
                }
                prev = curr;

                curr = curr.right;
            }
            else
            {
                  /* Find the inorder predecessor of current */
                pre = curr.left;
                while(pre.right!=null &&
                      pre.right!=curr)
                {
                    pre = pre.right;
                }

                // Make current as right child of
                // its inorder predecessor */
                if(pre.right==null)
                {
                    pre.right = curr;
                    curr = curr.left;
                }
                else
                {
                    // If this node is smaller than
                    // the previous node, it's
                    // violating the BST rule.
                    if(first == null && prev!=null &&
                       prev.data > curr.data)
                    {
                          // If this is first violation,
                        // mark these two nodes as
                        // 'first' and 'last'
                        first = prev;
                        last = curr;
                    }

                    if(first != null &&
                       prev.data > curr.data)
                    {
                          // If this is second violation,
                           // mark this node as last
                        last = curr;
                    }
                    prev = curr;

                      /* Revert the changes made in the
                    'if' part to restore the
                    original tree i.e., fix the
                    right child of predecessor*/
                    pre.right = null;
                    curr = curr.right;
                }
            }
        }
    }


      // A function to fix a given BST where
    // two nodes are swapped. This function
    // uses correctBSTUtil() to find out
    // two nodes and swaps the nodes to
    // fix the BST
    void correctBST( Node root )
    {
        // Initialize pointers needed
        // for correctBSTUtil()
        first = last = prev = null;

        // Set the pointers to find out
        // two nodes
        MorrisTraversal( root );

        // Fix (or correct) the tree
          int temp = first.data;
        first.data = last.data;
          last.data = temp;
    }


       /* A utility function to print
     Inorder traversal */
    void printInorder(Node node)
    {
        if (node == null)
            return;
        printInorder(node.left);
        Console.Write(" " + node.data);
        printInorder(node.right);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
        /*   6
            / \
           10  2
          / \ / \
         1  3 7 12

        10 and 2 are swapped
        */

        Node root = new Node(6);
        root.left = new Node(10);
        root.right = new Node(2);
        root.left.left = new Node(1);
        root.left.right = new Node(3);
        root.right.right = new Node(12);
        root.right.left = new Node(7);

        Console.WriteLine("Inorder Traversal"+
                        " of the original tree");
        GFG tree = new GFG();
        tree.printInorder(root);

        tree.correctBST(root);

        Console.WriteLine("\nInorder Traversal"+
                          " of the fixed tree");
        tree.printInorder(root);
    }
}
// This code contributed by gauravrajput1

Javascript

<script>
// javascript program to correct the BST
// if two nodes are swapped
class Node {
    constructor(val) {
        this.data = val;
        this.left = null;
        this.right = null;
    }
}

var first, last, prev;

    // This function does inorder traversal
    // Using Morris Traversal to find out the two
    // swapped nodes.
    function MorrisTraversal(root)
    {


        // current node
var curr = root;
var pre = null;
        while (curr != null) {
            if (curr.left == null) {

                // If this node is smaller than
                // the previous node, it's
                // violating the BST rule.

                if (first == null && prev != null && prev.data > curr.data) {
                    // If this is first violation,
                    // mark these two nodes as
                    // 'first' and 'last'
                    first = prev;
                    last = curr;
                }

                if (first != null && prev.data > curr.data) {
                    // If this is second violation,
                    // mark this node as last
                    last = curr;
                }
                prev = curr;

                curr = curr.right;
            } else {
                /* Find the inorder predecessor of current */
                pre = curr.left;
                while (pre.right != null && pre.right != curr) {
                    pre = pre.right;
                }

                // Make current as right child of
                // its inorder predecessor */
                if (pre.right == null) {
                    pre.right = curr;
                    curr = curr.left;
                } else {
                    // If this node is smaller than
                    // the previous node, it's
                    // violating the BST rule.
                    if (first == null && prev != null && prev.data > curr.data) {
                        // If this is first violation,
                        // mark these two nodes as
                        // 'first' and 'last'
                        first = prev;
                        last = curr;
                    }

                    if (first != null && prev.data > curr.data) {
                        // If this is second violation,
                        // mark this node as last
                        last = curr;
                    }
                    prev = curr;

                    /*
                     * Revert the changes made in the 'if' part to restore the original tree i.e.,
                     * fix the right child of predecessor
                     */
                    pre.right = null;
                    curr = curr.right;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // A function to fix a given BST where
    // two nodes are swapped. This function
    // uses correctBSTUtil() to find out
    // two nodes and swaps the nodes to
    // fix the BST
    function correctBST(root) {
        // Initialize pointers needed
        // for correctBSTUtil()
        first = last = prev = null;

        // Set the pointers to find out
        // two nodes
        MorrisTraversal(root);

        // Fix (or correct) the tree
        var temp = first.data;
        first.data = last.data;
        last.data = temp;
    }

    /*
     * A utility function to print Inorder traversal
     */
    function printInorder(node) {
        if (node == null)
            return;
        printInorder(node.left);
        document.write(" " + node.data);
        printInorder(node.right);
    }

    // Driver Code

        /*   6
            / \
           10  2
          / \ / \
         1  3 7 12

        10 and 2 are swapped
        */
        var root = new Node(6);
        root.left = new Node(10);
        root.right = new Node(2);
        root.left.left = new Node(1);
        root.left.right = new Node(3);
        root.right.right = new Node(12);
        root.right.left = new Node(7);

        document.write("Inorder Traversal" + " of the original tree<br/>");
        printInorder(root);

        correctBST(root);

        document.write("<br/>Inorder Traversal" + " of the fixed tree<br/>");
        printInorder(root);

// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji
</script>

Output

Inorder Traversal of the original tree 
1 10 3 6 7 2 12 
Inorder Traversal of the fixed tree 
1 2 3 6 7 10 12 

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)