Check if two Circular Linked Lists are identical

Given two circular linked lists L1 and L2, the task is to find if the two circular linked lists are identical or not. 

Note: Head of any linked list points to any node of the respective linked list and the lists can contain duplicate elements.

Examples:

Input: L1: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 1 -> 2 -> 6
           L2: 5 -> 1 -> 2 -> 6 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4
Output: Yes
Explanation: If checked the 5th element of L1 and 1st element of L2 then they are identical.
As they are circular, does not matter from where we start checking.

Input: L1: 1 -> 2 -> 3
           L2: 1 ->3 -> 2
Output: No

Approach: The problem can be solved by traversing the circular linked list using the following idea:

Fix the starting point of any list. Now consider every element of the other list as head and compare if both the lists are identical or not for that starting point. 

Follow the steps to mentioned below to solve the problem:

• Calculate, length l1 and l2 of both the circular linked lists respectively
• If both the length are different then return false
• Initialize Count = 0, flag = false
• Initialize temporary pointers, h1 and h2 for head1 (starting pointer of l1) and head2 (starting pointer of l2)
• Traverse while it does not return a bool, true or false:
  • If, data of h1 is equal to data of h2 then shift the h1 and h2 to its next node and increase the count by 1.
  • If Count equals to l1 (or l2) then linked lists are identical, return true
  • Else, reset the pointer h1 and variable count to their initial state.
    • If, flag == 1, return false as it means one rotation is completed, and now if element does not matches then list can not be identical.
  • If, h2->next = head2 then one rotation is complete, then set, flag = 1
  • Move h2 pointer by 1 position, h2 = h2->next.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to Check that two circular
// linked list are identical or not

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Circular Linked list Node Class
class Node {
public:
    int data;
    Node* next;

    // Constructor function
    Node(int data)
    {
        this->data = data;
        this->next = NULL;
    }
};

// Function to insert a node in
// tail in circular linked list
void insertNode(Node*& head,
                Node*& tail, int d)
{
    // First insertion in circular
    // linked list
    if (head == NULL) {
        Node* newNode = new Node(d);
        head = newNode;
        tail = newNode;
        newNode->next = newNode;
    }
    else {

        // Non-empty list
        Node* temp = new Node(d);
        temp->next = tail->next;
        tail->next = temp;
        tail = tail->next;
    }
}

// Function to print circular linked list
void print(Node* head)
{
    Node* curr = head;

    // If circular linked list is empty
    if (head == NULL) {
        cout << "List is Empty " << endl;
        return;
    }

    // Else iterate until node is NOT head
    do {
        cout << curr->data << " ";
        curr = curr->next;
    } while (curr != head);
    cout << endl;
}

// Function to return length of
// circular linked list
int length(Node* head)
{
    // If circular linked list is empty
    if (head == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    int size = 0;
    Node* curr = head;

    // Else iterate until node is NOT head
    do {
        curr = curr->next;
        size++;
    } while (curr != head);
    return size;
}

// Function to Check that two circular
// linked list are identical or not
bool checkIdentical(Node*& head1,
                    Node*& head2)
{
    // Get the length of first linked list
    int l1 = length(head1);

    // Get the length of first linked list
    int l2 = length(head2);

    // If l1!=l2 then linked list can not
    // be identical
    if (l1 != l2)
        return false;

    // Initialize the variables
    int Count = 0;
    bool flag = 0;

    // Initialize temporary pointers
    Node* h1 = head1;
    Node* h2 = head2;

    // Traverse the list
    while (1) {

        // If element matches in two
        // circular linked list
        if (h1->data == h2->data) {
            h1 = h1->next;
            Count++;

            // If count equals to l1(or l2)
            // then linked list are identical
            if (Count == l1)
                return true;
        }

        // If element does not matches
        // in two circular linked list
        else {
            h1 = head1;
            Count = 0;

            // If flag becomes 1 then one
            // rotation is complete and
            // if now data does not match then
            // linked lists are not identical
            if (flag)
                return false;
        }

        // Check if h2 complete one rotation
        if (h2->next == head2)
            flag = 1;

        // Move h2 to h2->next
        h2 = h2->next;
    }
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{

    Node* head1 = NULL;
    Node* tail1 = NULL;

    insertNode(head1, tail1, 1);
    insertNode(head1, tail1, 2);
    insertNode(head1, tail1, 3);
    insertNode(head1, tail1, 4);
    insertNode(head1, tail1, 5);
    insertNode(head1, tail1, 1);
    insertNode(head1, tail1, 2);
    insertNode(head1, tail1, 6);

    Node* head2 = NULL;
    Node* tail2 = NULL;

    insertNode(head2, tail2, 5);
    insertNode(head2, tail2, 1);
    insertNode(head2, tail2, 2);
    insertNode(head2, tail2, 6);
    insertNode(head2, tail2, 1);
    insertNode(head2, tail2, 2);
    insertNode(head2, tail2, 3);
    insertNode(head2, tail2, 4);

    bool flag = checkIdentical(head1, head2);
    if (flag)
        cout << "Yes";
    else
        cout << "No";
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to Check that two circular
// linked list are identical or not

public class Identical {

    // Circular Linked list Node Class
    static class Node {
        int data;
        Node next;

        // Constructor function
        Node(int data)
        {
            this.data = data;
            this.next = null;
        }
    };

    // Function to insert a node in
    // tail in circular linked list
    static Node insertNode(Node head, Node tail, int d)
    {
        // First insertion in circular
        // linked list
        if (head == null) {
            Node newNode = new Node(d);
            head = newNode;
            tail = newNode;
            newNode.next = newNode;
            return newNode;
        }
        else {

            // Non-empty list
            Node temp = new Node(d);
            temp.next = tail.next;
            tail.next = temp;
            return tail.next;
        }
    }

    // Function to print circular linked list
    static void print(Node head)
    {
        Node curr = head;

        // If circular linked list is empty
        if (head == null) {
            System.out.println("List is Empty ");
            return;
        }

        // Else iterate until node is NOT head
        do {
            System.out.print(curr.data + " ");
            curr = curr.next;
        } while (curr != head);
        System.out.println();
    }

    // Function to return length of
    // circular linked list
    static int length(Node head)
    {
        // If circular linked list is empty
        if (head == null) {
            return 0;
        }

        int size = 0;
        Node curr = head;

        // Else iterate until node is NOT head
        do {
            curr = curr.next;
            size++;
        } while (curr != head);
        return size;
    }

    // Function to Check that two circular
    // linked list are identical or not
    static boolean checkIdentical(Node head1, Node head2)
    {
        // Get the length of first linked list
        int l1 = length(head1);

        // Get the length of first linked list
        int l2 = length(head2);

        // If l1!=l2 then linked list can not
        // be identical
        if (l1 != l2)
            return false;

        // Initialize the variables
        int Count = 0;
        boolean flag = false;

        // Initialize temporary pointers
        Node h1 = head1;
        Node h2 = head2;

        // Traverse the list
        while (true) {

            // If element matches in two
            // circular linked list
            if (h1.data == h2.data) {
                h1 = h1.next;
                Count++;

                // If count equals to l1(or l2)
                // then linked list are identical
                if (Count == l1)
                    return true;
            }

            // If element does not matches
            // in two circular linked list
            else {
                h1 = head1;
                Count = 0;

                // If flag becomes 1 then one
                // rotation is complete and
                // if now data does not match then
                // linked lists are not identical
                if (flag)
                    return false;
            }

            // Check if h2 complete one rotation
            if (h2.next == head2)
                flag = true;

            // Move h2 to h2.next
            h2 = h2.next;
        }
    }

    static Node head1, tail1, head2, tail2;
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        head1 = null;
        tail1 = null;

        head1 = tail1 = insertNode(head1, tail1, 1);
        tail1 = insertNode(head1, tail1, 2);
        tail1 = insertNode(head1, tail1, 3);
        tail1 = insertNode(head1, tail1, 4);
        tail1 = insertNode(head1, tail1, 5);
        tail1 = insertNode(head1, tail1, 1);
        tail1 = insertNode(head1, tail1, 2);
        tail1 = insertNode(head1, tail1, 6);

        head2 = null;
        tail2 = null;

        head2 = tail2 = insertNode(head2, tail2, 5);
        tail2 = insertNode(head2, tail2, 1);
        tail2 = insertNode(head2, tail2, 2);
        tail2 = insertNode(head2, tail2, 6);
        tail2 = insertNode(head2, tail2, 1);
        tail2 = insertNode(head2, tail2, 2);
        tail2 = insertNode(head2, tail2, 3);
        tail2 = insertNode(head2, tail2, 4);

        boolean flag = checkIdentical(head1, head2);
        if (flag)
            System.out.println("Yes");
        else
            System.out.println("No");
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Lovely Jain

Python3

# Python code for the above approach

# Node Class
class Node:
    def __init__(self, d):
        self.data = d
        self.next = None


class LinkedList:
    def __init__(self):
        self.head = None
        self.tail = None

    ## Function to insert a node in
    ## tail in circular linked list
    def insertNode(self, d):
        ## First insertion in circular
        ## linked list
        if (self.head == None):
            newNode = Node(d);
            self.head = newNode;
            self.tail = newNode;
            newNode.next = newNode;
        else:
            ## Non-empty list
            temp = Node(d);
            temp.next = self.tail.next;
            self.tail.next = temp;
            self.tail = self.tail.next;

    ## Function to print circular linked list
    def printList(self):
        curr = self.head

        if(self.head == None):
            print("List is Empty")
            return

        ## Else iterate until node is NOT head
        print(curr.data, " ", end='')
        curr = curr.next
        while curr != self.head:
            print(curr.data, " ", end='')
            curr = curr.next
        print("\n")

    ## Function to reverse a node
    def length(self):
        if (self.head == None):
            return 0

        size = 0;
        curr = self.head;

        ## Else iterate until node is NOT head
        size += 1
        curr = curr.next
        while (curr != self.head):
            curr = curr.next
            size += 1
        return size

    def checkIdentical(self, llist):
        ## Get the length of first linked list
        l1 = self.length()

        ## Get the length of first linked list
        l2 = llist.length()

        ## If l1!=l2 then linked list can not
        ## be identical
        if (l1 != l2):
            return False;

        ## Initialize the variables
        Count = 0;
        flag = 0;

        ## Initialize temporary pointers
        h1 = self.head;
        h2 = llist.head;

        ## Traverse the list
        while True:

            ## If element matches in two
            ## circular linked list
            if (h1.data == h2.data):
                h1 = h1.next;
                Count += 1

                ## If count equals to l1 or l2
                ## then linked list are identical
                if (Count == l1):
                    return True

            ## If element does not matches
            ## in two circular linked list
            else:
                h1 = self.head;
                Count = 0;

                ## If flag becomes 1 then one
                ## rotation is complete and
                ## if now data does not match then
                ## linked lists are not identical
                if (flag):
                    return False

            ## Check if h2 complete one rotation
            if (h2.next == llist.head):
                flag = 1;

            ## Move h2 to h2.next
            h2 = h2.next

# Driver Code
if __name__=='__main__':

    llist1 = LinkedList()
    llist2 = LinkedList()

    llist1.insertNode(1)
    llist1.insertNode(2)
    llist1.insertNode(3)
    llist1.insertNode(4)
    llist1.insertNode(5)
    llist1.insertNode(1)
    llist1.insertNode(2)
    llist1.insertNode(6)

    llist2.insertNode(5)
    llist2.insertNode(1)
    llist2.insertNode(2)
    llist2.insertNode(6)
    llist2.insertNode(1)
    llist2.insertNode(2)
    llist2.insertNode(3)
    llist2.insertNode(4)

    flag = llist1.checkIdentical(llist2)
    if flag:
        print("Yes")
    else:
        print("No")

        # This code is contributed by subhamgoyal2014.

Javascript

<script>

// JavaScript code for the above approach

// Node Class
class Node{
    constructor(d){
        this.data = d
        this.next = null
    }
}

class LinkedList{
    constructor(){
        this.head = null
        this.tail = null
    }

    // Function to insert a node in
    // tail in circular linked list
    insertNode(d){
        // First insertion in circular
        // linked list
        if (this.head == null){
            let newNode = new Node(d);
            this.head = newNode;
            this.tail = newNode;
            newNode.next = newNode;
        }
        else{
            // Non-empty list
            let temp = new Node(d);
            temp.next = this.tail.next;
            this.tail.next = temp;
            this.tail = this.tail.next;
        }
    }

    // Function to print circular linked list
    printList(){
        let curr = this.head

        if(this.head == null){
            document.write("List is Empty","</br>")
            return
        }

        // Else iterate until node is NOT head
        document.write(curr.data," ")
        curr = curr.next
        while(curr != this.head){
            document.write(curr.data, " ")
            curr = curr.next
        }
        document.write("</br>")
    }

    // Function to reverse a node
    length(){
        if (this.head == null)
            return 0

        let size = 0;
        let curr = this.head;

        // Else iterate until node is NOT head
        size += 1
        curr = curr.next
        while (curr != this.head){
            curr = curr.next
            size += 1
        }
        return size
    }

    checkIdentical(llist){
        // Get the length of first linked list
        let l1 = this.length()

        // Get the length of first linked list
        let l2 = llist.length()

        // If l1!=l2 then linked list can not
        // be identical
        if (l1 != l2)
            return false;

        // Initialize the variables
        let Count = 0;
        let flag = 0;

        // Initialize temporary pointers
        let h1 = this.head;
        let h2 = llist.head;

        // Traverse the list
        while(true){

            // If element matches in two
            // circular linked list
            if (h1.data == h2.data){
                h1 = h1.next;
                Count += 1

                // If count equals to l1 or l2
                // then linked list are identical
                if (Count == l1)
                    return true
            }

            // If element does not matches
            // in two circular linked list
            else{
                h1 = this.head;
                Count = 0;

                // If flag becomes 1 then one
                // rotation is complete and
                // if now data does not match then
                // linked lists are not identical
                if (flag)
                    return false
            }

            // Check if h2 complete one rotation
            if (h2.next == llist.head)
                flag = 1;

            // Move h2 to h2.next
            h2 = h2.next
        }
    }
}

// Driver Code

let llist1 = new LinkedList()
let llist2 = new LinkedList()

llist1.insertNode(1)
llist1.insertNode(2)
llist1.insertNode(3)
llist1.insertNode(4)
llist1.insertNode(5)
llist1.insertNode(1)
llist1.insertNode(2)
llist1.insertNode(6)

llist2.insertNode(5)
llist2.insertNode(1)
llist2.insertNode(2)
llist2.insertNode(6)
llist2.insertNode(1)
llist2.insertNode(2)
llist2.insertNode(3)
llist2.insertNode(4)

let flag = llist1.checkIdentical(llist2)
if(flag)
    document.write("Yes","</br>")
else
    document.write("No","</br>")

// This code is contributed by shinjanpatra

</script>

Output

Yes

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)